Swot Analysis Of Penney s Performance And Financial...

A firm’s performance and financial standing can be measured by a number of valuations and techniques. Financial data is used to perform a financial analysis on a business to determine the company’s stability, profitability, and liquidity. For instance, J.C. Penney’s financial stability was drastically damaged leaving all external and internal stakeholders questioning the value of the department store. J.C. Penney’s has a number of stakeholders that should always be satisfied while making business decisions. One of J.C. Penney’s most valuable stakeholders is its customers. J.C. Penney’s customers expect the retailer to provide them with up-to-date products at an affordable cost, while also expecting trained personnel to attend to their needs. One of J.C. Penney’s main goal is to get new and repeated customers; therefore, it is critical for J.C. Penney’s to develop a strong understanding of its customer base. During J.C. Penne y’s failure, many customers reported that employees did not make an effort to develop a professional relationship with them. In addition to keeping customers happy, J.C. Penney must focus on its internal stakeholders, especially its employees. In order for the business to be successful, its employees must be satisfied, and expect to have job security, perks such as employee’s discounts, and schedule flexibility. J.C. Penney expects its employees to be dependable, friendly with customers, and to always keep the organization’s best interest in mind.Show MoreRelatedLevis Swot Analysis5121 Words   |  21 Pages 2-1-Strategic Posture 2.2. Current Performance 3. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE-------------------------------------------------------- 3-1-Board of Directors 3-2-Top Management 4. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS------------------------------------------ 4-1-Societal Environment 4-2-Task Environment 5. INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS------------------------------------------ 5-1-Corporate Structure 5-2-Corporate Culture 5-3-Corporate Resources 6. ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIC FACTORS ------------------------------------------ Read MoreAnalylis Primark22310 Words   |  90 Pages.... 1 Swot Analysis .............................................................................................................................................. 6 Porter‟s Five Forces ................................................................................................................................. 14 Driver of Change ...................................................................................................................................... 23 PESTEL analysis ......Read MoreWalmart In 200311485 Words   |  46 Pagesinitiated in the early 1990s, that already accounted for 17% of sales, 15% of earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT), and 32% of total assets. And horizontal scope would be expanded by the plans, announced in January 2003, to introduce basic financial services for U.S. customers. Discount Retailing in the United States5 Discount retailing began in the mid-1950s in the United States, with operators selling general merchandise in sparsely furnished and staffed stores. Discounters challengedRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesfollowing classification of cases by subject matter to be helpful. I thank those of you who made this and other suggestions. Classification of Cases by Major Marketing Topics Topics Most Relevant Cases Marketing Research and Consumer Analysis Coca-Cola, Disney, McDonald’s, Google, Starbucks Product Starbucks, Nike, Coke/Pepsi, McDonald’s, Maytag, Dell, Hewlett-Packard, Newell Rubbermaid, DaimlerChrysler, Kmart/Sears, Harley-Davidson, Boeing/Airbus, Merck, Boston Beer, Firestone/Ford

Fight Club Movie vs. Book - 1414 Words

Even considering the complicated format of the book, David Fincher managed to almost perfectly illustrate the novel Fight Club, by Chuck Palahniuk, in his movie of the same name. Although tempting to compare a book and its film counterpart on even grounds, as a substitute of one another, the tools used to create each one differ greatly and thus should be evaluated on a thematic level. While the reading audience has the chance to reread, and absorb the themes in layers, the other audience is seeing the piece as a whole, where the director has only a split second to have the same effect as the author had possibly made in multiple descriptive paragraphs. David Fincher, the director of the film Fight Club, which was released in 1999 and†¦show more content†¦Fincher used most of the exact dialogue from the book and accentuated it with mise-en-scà ¨ne elements such as imitating the IKEA catalogue labels appearing over the furniture when the narrator describes his apartment and the narrator first rejecting Tyler’s offer of a smoke saying that â€Å"he doesn’t smoke† and later, as the narrator begins to merge the two personalities, he is seen smoking. The director chose to change three major events in the novel when adopting the text to film. The first being the narrator’s initial meeting with his split personality – Tyler Durden. In the book, the narrator meets him at a nude beach. â€Å"This was the very end of summer, and I was asleep. Tyler was naked and sweating, gritty with sand, his hair wet and stringy, hanging in his face.† (32) In the movie however, the characters meet in the airplane, in very common circumstances for the narrator. This choice could not have been made due to the motion picture rating system since the director didn’t choose to omit any of the violent or sexual scenes, so it was most likely done in the process of simplification of the text. The novel has a tendency to skip in time to different episodes and locations of the narrator’s life, however the same effect in film is much harder to replicate partly because the viewer does not have the choice to go back and review what had happenedShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Against The Social Class774 Words   |  4 Pageshuman civilization, The battle of The Rich Vs. The Poor, The Have Vs. The Have nots. This â€Å"battle† will we ongoing forever. The only way we can get rid of it is if we get ride of money, and that’s communism. This battle therefor will always be on going. The Poor hate the wealthy for having money and The Wealthy blame the poor for their problems. In the Movie and the Book Fight Club one of the themes are Society And Class. 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LiteraryRead More The Globalization of Anime Essay3133 Words   |  13 Pagesto Katsuhiro Otomo, the co-writer of Akira, a classic anime movie (Anonymous). Joel Silver, the producer of The Matrix, said that the Wachowskis showed him Ghost in the Shell and they wanted to create that type of action in a live action film. As time went by, The Matrix influenced many other American films, but the films visualized in that way that more to an anime sensibility. Very often, anime fight scenes manipulate time during fight sequences to add immobile moments during periods of intense

Minimising risk in fashion Free Essays

Explain how Buyers and Merchants minimise hazard when planning ranges for their manner company. Gabrielle ( Coco ) Chanel stated ‘Fashion does non merely exist in frocks, manner is in the air, it is brought in by the air current, one feels it coming, breathes it in the sky and on the paving, it depends on thoughts clients and happenings’ ( Charles-Roux, 2005 p.11 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Minimising risk in fashion or any similar topic only for you Order Now The undertaking of construing how the changing universe is likely to impact the consumer’s desire for manner merchandises is hard, and this is why manner purchasers and merchants turn to command tools.There are many control tools which a manner company will utilize throughout its concern construction in order to accomplish maximal net income borders and to assist understate hazard and to give themselves a strong competitory advantage over rivals. Control tools are a critical portion of a manner company in order for it to turn successfully and to stay competitory. Despite supplying a figure of advantages to a manner company, control tools besides present a figure of disadvantages and restrictions whereby they are merely utile to a certain point, and this is when other control tools need to be put into the equation. A cardinal control tool used in the purchasing procedure is Range Planning. Range Planning involves roll uping a commercially acceptable aggregation of garments within fiscal and design parametric quantities, prior to production and bringing ( Goworek 2007 ) .The development of a scope of merchandises for a new season raises of import strategic issues for manner retail merchants about new merchandises and markets. In any season there is ever a balance struck between updated rudimentss that will be repeated in some signifier, and wholly new manner merchandises. A utile tool to assist entree the scope of merchandises for a season and to assist understate hazard is the Ansoff product-market matrix. This planning tool helps separate the basic options for increasing gross revenues by pull stringsing merchandise and market chances. It works good for the manner industry where merchandises are of all time altering and new markets continually developing, hence this will assist to understate h azard when planning ranges. Buyers and merchants should recognize the strategic options indicated by the Ansoff Matrrix, and the differing deduction of each to developing merchandise ranges in a season ( Watts, 1998 ) . Basically these options represent different methods of increasing gross revenues which will basically assist to maximize net incomes. The trouble manner retail merchants face is where to strike the balance between the breadth of the scope they offer and the deepness of pick available in their scope of merchandises. ‘Range width’ refers to how broad a pick of merchandises is to be offered to clients. Some manner retail merchants e.g. Miss Selfridge, began selling vesture and accoutrements but have widened their merchandise ranges to include jewelry, make-up and a whole host of other merchandises reflecting the lifestyle demands of the consumer. The deepness of a scope refers to the picks of manners, colorss, sizes and monetary values available to clients in important Numberss of units within production classs. When purchasers and merchants are be aftering the scope, they need to look at their mark consumer to place what merchandise categorization should be included and how many of each categorization, this is to assist understate hazard. Product Mix is an of import component of Range planning. If assess ed right, harmonizing to consumer demands and wants, the right merchandise mix will assist to maximize net incomes. The advantage of holding a merchandise mix is that it can potentially increase the volume of gross revenues, widening the scope on offer helps to distribute the fiscal hazards which are potentially involved. In add-on adding new scopes to the trade name will assist to diversify the manner company and convey approximately new concern chances and aid to increase possible gross revenues and net incomes. Having a wide merchandise mix will besides assist to aim new clients every bit good as making and prolonging the involvement of current consumers. Furthermore Product Mix is a cardinal driver in the scope planning procedure. The disadvantage of Product Mix as a control tool is an increased hazard of stock markdowns if Product Mix on offer is excessively broad ( Shaw, 2005 ) . When be aftering a scope program construction many retail merchants and purchasers struggle to make up one’s mind whether to go on with merchandises which have sold good in the yesteryear but which are going ‘old fashioned’ such as the Laura Ashley jumper daisy print frock ( Shaw, 2005 ) . A clear and up to day of the month statement of the retailers’ market place and mark client, based on uninterrupted research, will give the purchaser assurance to be ruthlessly matter-of-fact over what to include and what non to maintain in a scope. This will assist to understate hazard within the manner company. When be aftering a merchandise scope, the Product Mix and categorization program are of critical importance ; each merchandise will hold its ain single merchandise life rhythm ( Doha, 2013 ) . The merchandise lifecycle of a merchandise has four really clearly defined phases, each with its ain features, that average different things for concerns that are seeking t o pull off the life rhythms of their peculiar merchandises. These four distinct phases consist of: Introduction, Growth, Maturity and Decline. These four phases will change well harmonizing to the type of merchandise which is being sold, and whether it’s a authoritative, craze or manner merchandise. Product lifecycle direction is an of import control tool within calculating gross revenues and seasons. It makes it possible to command the whole lifetime of a merchandise and the information connected with it. Efficient merchandise lifecycle direction enables companies to vie successfully in international planetary markets ( Stark, 2006 ) . Product life rhythm direction is the activity of pull offing a company’s merchandises all the manner across its lifecycles in the most effectual manner. In so making, it enables the company to take control of its merchandises. If a company loses control of its merchandises this can hold black effects. Therefore merchandise life rhythm direction is a cardinal control tool, for merchants and purchasers. During the development of a merchandise, it doesn’t physically exist, so during that stage of its life it’s hard to command. PML helps to convey better merchandises to market faster, and enable better support of customersâ€℠¢ usage of merchandises. It is of import to convey a merchandise to market rapidly, otherwise the client will take a competitor’s merchandise before yours get to market. An advantage for purchasers and merchants of utilizing the merchandise lifecycle as a control tool is that it helps cut down the cost of a merchandise. The merchandise life rhythm can be used by purchasers and merchants to assist understate hazard for their manner companies by reexamining old products’ lifecycles, where they peaked and where they started to worsen. This can be used to an advantage to assist be after the merchandise life rhythms of similar futuristic merchandises which will assist to command and gauge the life rhythm of a merchandise. It’s of import to cut down merchandise costs ; otherwise consumers may halt utilizing your merchandise and utilize a competitor’s alternatively. PLM enables the value of a merchandise to be maximised over its lifecycle. With accurate consolid ated information about mature merchandises available, low-priced ways can be found to widen their revenue-generating life-times. PLM gives transparence about what is go oning over the merchandise lifecycle ; it offers directors visibleness about what is truly go oning with products.. However the disadvantage of utilizing the PLC is that the merchandise lifecycle is merely a theoretical theoretical account and the merchandise lifecycle is non needfully reflective of all manner merchandises. Forecasting gross revenues and seasons is a critical control tool which purchasers and merchants have to implement in order to understate hazard with planning scopes for their manner company. Manner prediction looks at the fiscal parts and the comparing of the seasons’ gross revenues last twelvemonth. Additionally manner companies have to equilibrate the customer’s pick with the demand to accomplish the best return of stock investing. The get downing point for many manner retail merchants is gross revenues history, as it identifies what clients expect to purchase from the concern based on their current and past demands. Gross saless history may mention to last week’s gross revenues, and as such besides reflects customers’ current seasonal demands ( Douglas 1997 ) . There is much valuable information available to the purchaser from the gross revenues history of old seasons. Forms have likely been established of the type of manner ware which the retailers’ clients have purchased in the yesteryear. Best sellers from old seasons need to be replaced with new yet every bit profitable ware, The purchaser needs to through ally analyse which fact ors contributed towards an points bestselling position ( Goworek 2007 ) . Manner season is an of import component of the control tool ‘Forecasting gross revenues and seasons’ . Historically there have been two clearly defined and traditional manner seasons, which are Autumn/Winter and SS. Easy ( 1995 ) explains that retail merchants have organised themselves around consumer demand that has traditionally been influenced by conditions forms. In the yesteryear there have been two clearly defined and traditional seasons and these are still steadfastly ingrained in our civilization, even though they have progressively less relevancy to consumers and manner concerns. With a greater accent on fulfilling the manner demands of customers’ altering life manners, manner retail merchants have to purchase more rapidly and maintain scopes focused on what clients want at peculiar times of the old ages, as opposed to fulfilling two big period of demand, i.e. summer and winter. Another factor which has influenced client demand is greater travel, as clien ts require vesture for a assortment of climes and occasions out of season, e.g. swimsuit in winter. In order to understate hazard manner retail merchants have to purchase more rapidly and maintain scopes focused on what clients want at a peculiar clip of the twelvemonth, as opposed to purchasing to fulfill two big periods of demand. In order for purchasers and merchants to understate hazard is it critical that they besides ‘buy’ in order to fulfill discreet ‘user occasions’ . Increasing consumer demand is coercing retail merchants to retink merchandise ranges about changed client behavior. Product categorization is a cardinal component of Range Planning. It is critical for the merchant and purchaser to calculate the merchandise lifecycle of merchandises with different categorizations such as Fashion, Fad and Classic. The merchant plays a cardinal function in working with the purchaser to accomplish the right balance of merchandises within the seasons range. This is done by utilizing a combination of gross revenues history combined with forward gross revenues and tendency anticipations. The sum of manner and fad merchandise in the Product Mix will find the sum of flexibleness needed. It is noted that the manner manner tendency reviews begin many months in progress of a season. Normally at the terminal of the old season the purchasing and selling squad will hold undertaken what is known as a ‘seasons station mortem’ . The advantages of set abouting a seasons station mortem is that it is a utile papers for be aftering the future manner way of a manner concern and is helpful during the planning of a new season. It is of import to command the degree of stock and type of stock that is in the concern at any given clip ; this is carried out through manner prediction, and the scrutiny of merchandise classs to utilize in a season, such as Authoritative trench coats manner or crazes. The ware program is an of import control tool in order to understate the hazard of holding excessively much ‘cost’ that hazards being unsold ( Shaw 2005 ) . This relates to be aftering and profitableness. It is critical to observe that one of the most of import ends in successful selling is to help the procedure of accomplishing the planned degree of purchasing profitableness. ‘Buying profit’ can be defined as the difference between the cost monetary value paid for the garment and the retail merchandising monetary value in the store. The grade up or net income made between the two monetary values can be explained by the undermentioned merchandising monetary value equation. Retail merchandisin g monetary value ( RSP ) -Cost Price ( CP ) =Gross Margin ( or gross net income ) . WSSI is an of import control tool which is used every twenty-four hours in the life of a purchaser and merchant. Throughout the twelvemonth, it is critical for the merchant and purchaser to construct stock degrees in expectancy of trading extremum periods such as Christmas and high summer. The WISSI is really good at assisting the purchaser and merchant program frontward stock consumption into the DC. Every Monday gross revenues figures are awaited in order that purchasers and merchants can place fast selling lines that need reiterate bargains to guarantee that they are kept in stock. On the other manus it is besides the Monday figures which reveal the worst Sellerss that finally will necessitate holding their monetary values marked down. Thus the WISSI helps to pull off and command hazard. The WISSI is one of the most valuable studies used by the purchaser. It includes gross revenues and stock list degrees by manner for the old hebdomad. The WISSI acts as an overall control mechanis m to guarantee that the flow of stock and money in the concern is go oning expeditiously. WSSI is an of import control tool for purchasers and merchants because it significantly works alongside the bringing agenda. It lists the hebdomad and the twenty-four hours when the providers have been requested to present the garments to the DC. Being cognizant of precisely what is traveling to be delivered is besides of cardinal involvement to shop and promotional direction maps of the administrations ; this can assist pull off hazard and supply a competitory advantage for the manner company. One of the cardinal selling activities controlled by utilizing the WISSI is the facet of line degree monetary value change that regularly occurs within all manner concerns. Ideally at the start of the season, the purchaser and merchant purpose to make a monetary value construction that relates to the type of clients to whom they are selling. Monetary values must besides be competitory to guarantee they a re in line with major competition. Overall WISSI acts as the cardinal selling direction papers within manner retailing ; it is lone portion of a wider scope of be aftering paperss. It is shamelessly an internal fiscal control papers which is a sum-up of all the trading activity within the section and finally the full concern. There are disadvantages of WISSI as a control tool. Taken out of context, it can be a nonmeaningful page of figures. It requires careful reading, utilizing experience to pull strings both it and the purchasing, if the section is to win. It is of import to retrieve that manner is non formulaic ; merchants try to utilize it in a formulaic manner, bring forthing it without understanding. Therefore it is of import that merchants and purchasers do non respond excessively rapidly to sudden good and bad gross revenues forms ; reaction to the WSSI must be both considered and careful. Overall the of import of understanding the workings of WSSI should non be underestimated. Using this control document the merchant has considerable advantages and is able to maintain hebdomadal updates of yesteryear, nowadays and likely future public presentations of the section and direction to on a regular basis look into their public presentations against the original program. More significantly it acts as a decision-making tool to assist the concern make up one’s mind what action to take on an on-going regular footing. This will more significantly assist to understate hazard and aid to maximize net incomes. To reason there are a figure of control tools which purchasers and merchants can utilize in order to understate hazard and maximize net incomes when planning ranges for their manner companies. There are considerable advantages of utilizing a figure of control tools in order to derive competitory advantages over similar manner companies and rivals and to assist increase net income borders. Manner companies will strategically utilize a combination of control tools in order program in front to give themselves the greatest opportunity of success. For a manner company to win it has to â€Å"reflect the demands and the desires of a coevals at a peculiar point in clip. It has to be of the minute, but with ageless values that will ever be recognised† ( Menkes 2001 ) Mentions: Ahmed Doha, Ajay Das, Mark Pagell, ( 2013 ) â€Å" The influence of merchandise life rhythm on the efficaciousness of buying patterns † , International Journal of Operations A ; Production Management, Vol. 33 Iodine: 4, pp.470 – 498 Charles-Roux, E. ( 2004_ .The universe of Coco Chanel. Friends Fashion Fame. London: Thames and Hudson, p.11 Douglas C. West, ( 1997 ) â€Å" Pull offing Gross saless Forecasting † , Management Research News, Vol. 20 Iodine: 4, pp.1 – 10 Easy, M. ( 1995 )Manner Selling.Oxford: Blackwell Science. Goworek, H ( 2007 ) .Manner Buying. London: Blackwell. p44-45. Hines.T, et Al. ( 2007 )Manner Selling: modern-day issues.Routledge ; 2 edition ( 2006 ) Jackson.T, et Al. ( 2000 )Manner Buying and trading direction #Gerald Watts, Jason Cope, Michael Hulme, ( 1998 ) â€Å" Ansoff’s Matrix, hurting and addition: Growth schemes and adaptative acquisition among little nutrient manufacturers † , International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour A ; Research, Vol. 4 Iodine: 2, pp.101 – 111 Stark, J ( 2006 ) .Product Lifecycle Mangament 21stCenturyParadigm for Product Realisation. London: Dordrecht: Springer 2006. P 4-5 How to cite Minimising risk in fashion, Essay examples

Australias Tax and Transfer System

Question: Australia has too many taxes and too many complicated ways of delivering multiple policy objectives through the tax and transfer systems. The capacity of the legislative and operating platforms of these systems, and their human users, to deal with the resulting complexity has been overreached. The tax and transfer architecture is overburdened and beginning to fail in dealing efficiently and effectively with multiplying policy goals and demands. Rationalisation of the tax and transfer architecture should now be a strategic priority. Discuss. What are some of these multiple policy objects the Australian tax and transfer system tries to achieve? How does the system overreach and is hence overburdened currently? How do you propose to rationalise the tax and transfer system of Australia to overcome these shortcomings? Answer: Introduction Australia is said to have too many taxation problems and ways are way more complicated and the objective delivered are very much intricate. The legislative capacity and other governing bodies and the users to deal the intricacy has been reached to an ultimate level where it is impossible to handle. TheTax system was being handled badly and is overburdened and is not able to achieve the goals and the demands desired by the society. More the system is complex or intricate; it leads to higher operating costs. In this regard one can easily conclude that the intricacy of tax policies are just because for the intricacy in the market because of the production goods and services. Thedefensemechanism of the tax system set up would be of utmost important to have a tension free society and its better economically mentally for the society. The tax systems does not have motives .Their goal or motives play a great part in influencing in how business control their system. The system sometimes delivers non tax objectives and acts as a helping hand in other environmental problems. The tax transfer system has effect on both on business and individual.(TaxReview.treasury.gov, 2016) Analysis The Australias government role in the system is huge than compared to other country. When it comes to Australian Government side the people deal with the four important parts of system that is income tax of indiviuals, taxes which are applicable on services and the transfers which includes payments in cash.On the other way the people deal with a more tight system and other taxation matters. All the national, state local levels of government are interconnected with each other and are considered as single tax transfer system that consists of several interconnected components. The matters which are concerned to taxes are being controlled with different levels of people. It can also be said that any business in Australia needs to interact with the government at different levels of the different states applicable alongside with the national tax transfer systems.(Conersation.com, 2016) The tax transfer system not only does it affectthe individuals but also the business. There are innumerable numbers of taxes that are present in Australia in all the national state local levels of the government. The example that the tax transfer system affects business is that the company or the business has to pay benefits tax (FBT) and make guarantee payments for their employees. Businesses also deal with the transfer systems in theown way the company needs to register with the applicable state tax, the company needs to apply with the payroll tax, GSTapplicability, they need to pay excise duty and register with the Excise Department and all other taxes charged on business inputs .Businesses which operate in more than one State, they need to operate andinteract with multiple Australian and state governments taxation system.(Humphery, 2016) Mulptiple Policiy Objectives In Australia It is very important to have a objective and set standards and the Australian tax transfer system is trying to achieve in the years ahead so that they can give a positive social economic results .Some of the objectives are :-(Pc.gov.au, 2016) To stress on affording their own shelters that owes their own houses and more inclination towards having an urban lifestyle To act or develop a good understanding between the ecosystems globally and locally To act as a strong growth and act as a diversification tool in respect to education, good social infrastructure spending. To stress on affording their own shelters that owes their own houses and more inclination towards having an urban lifestyle Frankly speaking, the end duty is to make the transfer system so strong that it sees and react to those expectations and fulfill what they desire to. With time the tax system has become more complex and very complicated .Risk is just added with cost in running daily activities. The effect is larger when it comes to work consumption and savings. With time it has been noticed that tax system is becoming tougher and complex and the cost in managing or the administrative costs are rising and no transparency is been seen in the taxation system. It has been seen that lots of money has been wasted in the tax transparency system it could have been spent on something good and which would be productive for the society. It s very necessary to have a sustainable system which has a good economic growth. It is very important to have such a tax transfer system that not only distribute all the income that is redistribute the income earned but also increases the growth of income in every stages which includes investing in infrastructure of the nation. With time the tax system has become more complex and very complicated .Risk is just added with cost in running daily activities This will lead to more workforces more labour more capita per worker and also higher creativity and skills.(Pc.gov.au, 2016) A tax system is needed where that explore can be seen of the new digital age and combines clearly with the new ways the life that is been lived and conducts business. A 21stcentury tax and transfer system should meet its purpose effectively .The main objectives should be high workforce involvement, a more good way of not spending more and spending in education and physical capital.. It would lead to transparency in government accounts to their citizens. The entire above factor affect the attitude of people against the system like their compliance with the system. When large number of tax transfers are present ,all the connected rules and the communication that takes place within them, administration of such taxes and transfers and also taxes related to them leads to increase in complexity in the tax transfer systems of Australia. There should be equitable very transparent and simplified personal tax is the huge revenue generation thing. The other objectives should be that the pension s, allowances and other transfer payments should be tax free. A double tax scale should be applied.(TaxReviewtreasury.gov, 2016) Overburdened Nation The system has overreached an is overburdened through variety of tax transfers and different concessions The systems due to various complex goals is lacking of good policies. Lackingof administration and coordination of policies .The tax transfer system of Australia is failing in rising to the challenges of the globalization and is unable to attract the opportunities of investment that can be done in Australia. The country is facing huge challenges in respect to environmental challenges like climate change, soildegradation, water scarcity and various pollution problems .Taxes are to levied in such a manner that the environment improves, there is a better amenity solution given to the environment and it can also be names as a sustainable environment. Businesses deal with the systems in their own way the company needs to register with the applicable state tax, the company needs to apply with the payroll tax, GST applicability, they need to pay excise duty and register with the Excise D epartment and all other taxes charged on business inputs, so many taxes leads to overburden to the nation. The tax arrangement for goods like wine, tobacco, beer, luxury cars and spirits are a proof of the competing policy goals of tax transfer system of Australia. There need to be perfect balance in the bases and rates of taxes so that investment and businesses and other things are promoted internationally.(PC.gov.au, 2016) The key directions to remove the negative part should be:- The Board of taxation should be empowered to initiate its own reviews of how current tax policies are operating Following the Pension Review changes, the single and couplepayments should be improved across other payment types. Deductions and offsets should be rationalized. Rationalise The Entire Taxation System It serves very important to rationalize or a mechanism to overcome all the shortcomings .It is very important for the Government of australia to take charge of transfer system. the tax policy makers and administration should be responsible to the problems experienced by the tax payers. A transparent and understandable system is required with citizens holding equal right and share great experiences. It also requires more effective procedure so that the costs are less and it is effective. The reputation of the system should be consistent and that the threats are properly seen Revenue should be concentrated on four types of tax bases:-(Austlii, 2016) Indiviual own income Business income Private consumption through taxes .Insurance taxes, payrolltaxes, Property transfer taxes, luxury car tax should be abolished.(Mackie, 1991) Rents arising from natural resources. Some of the factors should be taken in to consideration by the Australian government are:- A Board should be set up to tell the Taxation authorities on the general organization .(TaxReviewtreasury.gov, 2016) transfer taxes should be lower down and should be replaced by efficient taxes mostly annual land tax. Deductions and offset should be rationalized. Balances of superannuation should be included in the Age pension and the tax on the fund should not be applicable which should increase savings fromcurrently taxed contributions by around 18 percent and all the income and gains of funds should be taxable at the rate of 7.5 percent. So at last but not the least a number of issues are addressed and if they are accordingly reported without compensating changes elsewhere, can reduce losses for some people in the community. To have strong foundation and base the Review tells that the governments theinstitutions such as the Productivity Commission should be allocated with the charge to maintain the integrity of the country and the methods should be transparent enough. The administrative and policy making taxation should be responsive very understandable and more open to the tax payers Personal Income tax should become more transparent as it is the biggest source of income Attention should be made to the long term growth of Australia because it determines the living standards of the citizens present there. More practical taxes and neutral taxes should be introduced, better work incentives should be introduced to attract and introduction of expenditure tax at business level. (G, 1986) The transfer system of Australia is to be work supportivefocused, fair and adequate and should be sustainable in nature .A good connection should be there between the tax systems of Australia. There are way too many taxes in Australia which is overburdening the nation. Due to multiple goals there is lot of complexity. Taxes should be lower down to four bases as mentioned above that is personal income private consumption business income and economic rents derived from rent Taxes on gambling tobacco and gambling and other type of illegal activities should be charged. Reference Architecture of Australia's tax and transfer system. [online] Taxreview.treasury.gov.au. Available at: https://taxreview.treasury.gov.au/content/Paper.aspx?doc=html/publications/papers/report/section_2-10.htm [Accessed 9 Aug. 2016]. Taxreview.treasury.gov.au. (2016). Part 1: Overview - Executive summary - Australia's Future Tax System: Final Report. [online] Available at: https://taxreview.treasury.gov.au/content/FinalReport.aspx?doc=html/publications/papers/Final_Report_Part_1/executive_summary.htm [Accessed 9 August 2016]. Taxreview.treasury.gov.au. (2016). Executive summary. 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